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Comparing human rights arguments against women's suffrage and samesex marriage
Kubicová, Kateřina ; Hofmannová, Helena (advisor) ; Uhl, Pavel (referee)
This thesis focuses on the new human rights and their significance in the context of current legislation and case law. It defines their content and possibilities of their regulation, as well as provides specific cases and doctrinal concepts. The new human rights include the rights of members of the LGBTQ+ community. This thesis focuses in more detail on the topic of same- sex marriage, which is widely discussed (not only) in the Czech Republic. These marriages have not yet been allowed in our country, although the European trend is different - it is therefore appropriate to ask what the current arguments of their opponents are. They mention, for example, the historical aspects of the institution or the potential threat to traditional schemes. Its supporters, on the other hand, stress the importance of equal rights for all, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. The thesis also uses a traditional constitutional law tool, the proportionality test, to compare these positions, which primarily weighs the importance of the rights on both sides. This paper focuses on comparing the arguments used by contemporary opponents of same-sex marriage with those historically used by opponents of women's suffrage. The primary reason for this choice is that these arguments overlap to a large extent. Yet,...
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Suspension of the voting rights in the capital companies
Bečvář, David ; Flídr, Jan (advisor) ; Hurychová, Klára (referee)
Suspension of the Voting Rights in the Capital Companies Abstract This thesis deals with the substantive regulation of preventive suspension of the voting rights concerning the capital companies. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the conditions of selected general cases of preventive suspension of the voting rights set out in the Business Corporation Act, to deal with some interpretative ambiguities and where appropriate, to offer possible solutions. The thesis is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter defines the concept of suspension and describes its impact on the position of shareholders, and consequently on the General Meeting. At the same time, the various general cases of preventive suspension of the voting rights are divided into two basic categories. The second chapter focuses on the case of suspension consisting of default in the fulfilment of deposit and surcharge obligations, which is the only case that falls into the first category of cases by law. The third chapter discusses the case of a conflict of interest arising when a decision is taken to remove a shareholder who is also a member of an elected body of a capital company from his position as a member of the elected body for breach of his duties in the performance of that position. Among other things, it...
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Riscs of remote internet voting from the perspective of voting rights
Chmelíková, Tereza ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
Remote internet voting is a phenomenon of modern democratic societies. This topic has slowly become an important and frequent subject of political research. Thus, the aim of the thesis was to analyse this inovative, but yet controversial, method of voting from the standpoint of voting rights. The first of the thesis is concern on the general theory of elections and legal concept of voting rights to understand the meaning of elements of voting rights. The second part of the thesis comprises three case studies on countries which have already organised the remote internet voting in some types of elections: Estonia, Switzerland and the Netherlands. These chapters have proved several issues and variables between particular e-voting systems, such as the possibility of casting e-votes repeatedly, who is allowed to use internet voting or where votes can be cast on-line. The main goal of the thesis was to provide a clear set of potentional barriers of remote internet voting for an accomplishment of democratic suffrage in cases of these three countries and evaluate the possibilities of the idea of remote internet voting used in the electoral system of the Czech Republic. Thus, the third part of the thesis was focused on the case of the Czech republic and main principles of vote suffrage. The author...
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The Question of Race in the American Women's Suffrage Movement and the Works of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Géryk, Jan ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the question of race in the discourse of representatives of the woman suffrage movement in the USA. Its goal is to find out how was the theme of race used in the effort of women to achieve the right to vote, where the main focus is on the discourse of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony as the leading figures of white middle class American feminism and suffragism. The thesis uses the method of critical discourse analysis and tries to find out how were black men, black women, or white women themselves (in order to compare themselves with other groups of people) presented by the authors during the campaign for the voting rights. Very important for the thesis is the relation text-context, the relation between speeches or articles of the authors and social conditions of the period. That is why this thesis deals with the wider context of authors' discourse, especially with the history of voting rights in the USA and the history of woman rights movement. The description in the thesis starts before the American Civil War, then it goes through the Reconstruction period, when the important constitutional amendments were passed, through 1870s and 1880s, to the end of the 19th century, when the Southern states introduced new limitations of the voting rights. The aim of...
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Voting rights or voting wrongs? Voter suppression in the USA: Case study of Georgia
Barková, Tereza ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of voter suppression in Georgia. It is divided into historical and contemporary part. Within historical part, it analyzes relevant laws, constitutional amendments and court rulings that were behind gradual expansion of voting rights. It also focuses on discriminatory measures enacted in Jim Crow era, such as poll taxes, tests of literacy, white primaries or disenfranchisement for committing certain types of felonies. Historical part closes with the 2013 US Supreme Court decision in Shelby County v. Holder which ended federal preclearance of Georgia's changes in election laws, resulting in enaction of new barriers for the exercise of voting rights. Current methods of voter suppression in Georgia include strict registration rules, voter identification requirements, voter roll purges, unsatisfactory accessibility and functionality of poll places and disenfranchisement of felons. Thesis concludes that these barriers disproportionally affect minorities and poor voters. Moreover, thesis identifies main strategies used by local civil rights organizations in the fight against voter suppression - litigation, legislative lobbying and mobilization, education and empowerment of the voters.
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Riscs of remote internet voting from the perspective of voting rights
Chmelíková, Tereza ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
Remote internet voting is a phenomenon of modern democratic societies. This topic has slowly become an important and frequent subject of political research. Thus, the aim of the thesis was to analyse this inovative, but yet controversial, method of voting from the standpoint of voting rights. The first of the thesis is concern on the general theory of elections and legal concept of voting rights to understand the meaning of elements of voting rights. The second part of the thesis comprises three case studies on countries which have already organised the remote internet voting in some types of elections: Estonia, Switzerland and the Netherlands. These chapters have proved several issues and variables between particular e-voting systems, such as the possibility of casting e-votes repeatedly, who is allowed to use internet voting or where votes can be cast on-line. The main goal of the thesis was to provide a clear set of potentional barriers of remote internet voting for an accomplishment of democratic suffrage in cases of these three countries and evaluate the possibilities of the idea of remote internet voting used in the electoral system of the Czech Republic. Thus, the third part of the thesis was focused on the case of the Czech republic and main principles of vote suffrage. The author...
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Disfranchising Prisoners in the U.S. - New Means of Segragation?: Case Study of Commonwealth of Virginia
Pánková, Tereza ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
The thesis Disfranchising Prisoners in the U.S. - New Means of Segregation?: Case Study of Commonwealth of Virginia deals with the equality of the criminal justice system in Virginia. The goal of this thesis is to determine, whether the criminal justice system in the Commonwealth of Virginia is used to discriminate against minorities and if the laws and practices are creating a group of second-class citizens out of African Americans. The first chapter will be devoted to the data and history of disenfranchisement, the second chapter will deal with the consequences of a felony conviction, such as the loss of the right to vote, loss of employment and loss of social benefits and parental rights. In the last chapter of my thesis, I will analyze the possibilities of a future reform and its main sources, such as court decisions, the ratification of a constitutional amendment to the Virginia Constitution, and gubernatorial action by the Governor of Virginia. The findings of this thesis show that the criminal justice in Virginia is used to discriminate against African Americans and that the laws and practices are creating a group of second-class citizens out of African Americans.
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The Question of Race in the American Women's Suffrage Movement and the Works of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Géryk, Jan ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the question of race in the discourse of representatives of the woman suffrage movement in the USA. Its goal is to find out how was the theme of race used in the effort of women to achieve the right to vote, where the main focus is on the discourse of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony as the leading figures of white middle class American feminism and suffragism. The thesis uses the method of critical discourse analysis and tries to find out how were black men, black women, or white women themselves (in order to compare themselves with other groups of people) presented by the authors during the campaign for the voting rights. Very important for the thesis is the relation text-context, the relation between speeches or articles of the authors and social conditions of the period. That is why this thesis deals with the wider context of authors' discourse, especially with the history of voting rights in the USA and the history of woman rights movement. The description in the thesis starts before the American Civil War, then it goes through the Reconstruction period, when the important constitutional amendments were passed, through 1870s and 1880s, to the end of the 19th century, when the Southern states introduced new limitations of the voting rights. The aim of...
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